What is that Brahman, what is the self (adhyatma), and what is action (karma), O best of persons? What is said to be the adhibhuta, and what is called the adhidaiva?
Explanation
Arjuna opens chapter 8 with a series of questions prompted by Krishna's closing words in chapter 7, which used these technical terms. He asks what Brahman (the ultimate reality), adhyatma (the inner self or individual being), karma (action and its effects), adhibhuta (the realm of perishable beings) and adhidaiva (the divine governing principle) each mean. His questions continue in the next verse.