अधियज्ञः कथं कोऽत्र देहेऽस्मिन्मधुसूदन ।प्रयाणकाले च कथं ज्ञेयोऽसि नियतात्मभिः ॥
adhiyajñaḥ kathaṃ ko'tra dehe'sminmadhusūdana |prayāṇakāle ca kathaṃ jñeyo'si niyatātmabhiḥ ||
Who is the adhiyajna here in this body, and how is he so, O Madhusudana? And at the time of death, how are you to be known by those of disciplined self?
Explanation
Arjuna finishes the list of questions he began in the previous verse, asking Krishna about the 'lord of sacrifice' (adhiyajna) and about how self-controlled people (niyatātman) can know him at the moment of death (prayāṇa-kāla). Krishna answers in the following verses, saying in 8.4 that he himself, in the body, is the adhiyajna. Commentators differ on how to understand this: some take it as Vishnu, the deity who presides over all sacrifice, while others take it as the Lord dwelling within as the inner self.