ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियविशां शूद्राणां च परंतप ।कर्माणि प्रविभक्तानि स्वभावप्रभवैर्गुणैः ॥
brāhmaṇakṣatriyaviśāṃ śūdrāṇāṃ ca paraṃtapa |karmāṇi pravibhaktāni svabhāvaprabhavairguṇaiḥ ||
Of Brahmins, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas, and of Shudras too, O scorcher of foes, the duties are divided according to the gunas that arise from their own nature.
Explanation
Krishna is concluding his teaching on the three gunas (guṇa, the strands of nature: sattva, rajas and tamas) by applying them to the four classes (varṇa) and their duties (karma). He says duties are assigned by the qualities rooted in a person's own nature (svabhāva). Traditional commentators often read this as a social order linked to birth, while others stress that it describes natural aptitude and temperament, not hereditary status.