शमो दमस्तपः शौचं क्षान्तिरार्जवमेव च ।ज्ञानं विज्ञानमास्तिक्यं ब्रह्मकर्म स्वभावजम् ॥
śamo damastapaḥ śaucaṃ kṣāntirārjavameva ca |jñānaṃ vijñānamāstikyaṃ brahmakarma svabhāvajam ||
Calmness, self-restraint, austerity, purity, patience and uprightness, knowledge, discernment, and faith in the divine order: these are the work of a Brahmin, born of their own nature.
Explanation
Krishna is explaining to Arjuna how duties (karma) are divided according to the qualities (guṇa) of a person's own nature. Here he lists the qualities that mark the Brahmin role: calmness (śama), self-control (dama), austerity (tapas), purity, patience, honesty, knowledge (jñāna), realized understanding (vijñāna) and faith (āstikya). Traditional commentators generally read this as a division by inborn temperament, while some modern readers stress that it describes qualities of character rather than fixed birth-based status.