प्रवृत्तिं च निवृत्तिं च कार्याकार्ये भयाभये ।बन्धं मोक्षं च या वेत्ति बुद्धिः सा पार्थ सात्त्विकी ॥
pravṛttiṃ ca nivṛttiṃ ca kāryākārye bhayābhaye |bandhaṃ mokṣaṃ ca yā vetti buddhiḥ sā pārtha sāttvikī ||
The understanding that knows when to act and when to withdraw, what should be done and what should not, what to fear and what not to fear, what binds and what frees — that understanding, O son of Pritha, is sattvic.
Explanation
Krishna is describing three kinds of understanding (buddhi), sorted by the three qualities (guṇa) of nature. Here he describes the sattvic kind, which is clear and balanced. It can tell when to engage (pravṛtti) and when to step back (nivṛtti), right action from wrong, real danger from groundless fear, and bondage (bandha) from liberation (mokṣa). Commentators differ on how far these pairs refer to worldly judgment and how far to spiritual discipline, and many see both.